CENTRE FOR HUMAN SCIENCES

COURSE:  SOFT SKILLS

CODE: UHS1022

CURRENT ISSUE DISCOVERY (CID) PROJECT

GROUP PORTFOLIO

1.0 GROUP PROFILE

Section	:	__16P_____________________________________ _____
Group Name	:	__16P BEE_______________________________________
Leader	:	__NUR SAHIRA BINTI ASLAN_________________________
Member	:	1.  UMI IYLIA BINTI ISMAIL 2.  NURLIYANA BINTI MOHD ZAID 3.  MAISARAH BINTI JMARI 4.  NUR ALIYA SYAHIRAH BINTI BADROL HISAM

2.0 PHASE 1 STEP 1 (WEEK 3) - PLANNING AND GROUP COORDINATION

TASK	GROUP ACTIVITY	PROVE / RELATED PICTURE
Group name	16P_BEE
Group leader	Discussion for selection of leader via google meet. Leader: Nur Sahira Binti Aslan (FA20043)
Group member	1.  UMI IYLIA BINTI ISMAIL (CB20113) 2. NURLIYANA BINTI MOHD ZAID (FB20068) 3.NUR ALIYA SYAHIRAH BINTI BADROL HISAM 4. MAISARAH BINTI JMARI (CB20020)
Group profile	Bee is symbolic of cooperation and hard work
Task planning	The discussion involves is giving the task to each member to find And study about the topic.
Group topic	Depression among people
Justify; why choose this topic	Discussion in Whatsapp group

3.0 PHASE 1 STEP 2 (WEEK 8) - IDENTIFY PROBLEM AND PROBLEM ANALYSIS [10%]

TASK	ACTIVITY
List of factor problems from every group member	Information Prepared by Nur Sahira Binti Aslan (FA20043) Grief and loss Following the loss of a loved one, grieving individuals experience many of the same symptoms of depression. Trouble sleeping, poor appetite, and a loss of pleasure or interest in activities are normal responses to loss. The symptoms of grief are expected to subside over time. But when symptoms get worse, grief may turn into depression. Grief and depression share similar symptoms, but each is a distinct experience, and making the distinction is important for several reasons. With depression, getting a diagnosis and seeking treatment can be literally life-saving. At the same time, experiencing grief due to a significant loss is not only normal but can ultimately be very healing. Female Sex Hormones It has been widely documented that women experience major depression about twice as often as men. Because of the incidence of depressive disorders peaks during women's reproductive years, it is believed that hormonal risk factors may be at play. Women are especially prone to depressive disorders during times when their hormones are in flux, such as around the time of their menstrual period, pregnancy, childbirth, and perimenopause. Hormone fluctuations caused by childbirth and thyroid conditions can also contribute to depression. Postpartum depression may occur after a woman has given birth and is believed to result from the rapid hormonal changes that take place immediately after giving birth. In addition, a woman's depression risk declines after she goes through menopause. Prepared by Umi Iylia Binti Ismail  (CB20113) Self-isolation on COVID-19 outbreaks  The isolation imposed by quarantine frequently leaves people feeling that they have no control over the situation. As schools close, employees telecommute, and other social engagements are canceled, the possibility of being confined to your house due to quarantine can be frightening. After being at home for an extended amount of time, time appears to move considerably more slowly. Even if you have other family members at home, the feeling of solitude and cabin fever can be overwhelming. The American Psychological Association reports that social isolation carries a number of health risks. Even short periods of isolation and loneliness can have a harmful impact on one's physical and mental health. Feeling isolated can lead to poor sleep, poor cardiovascular health, lower immunity, depressive symptoms, and impaired executive function. All of those surveyed reported feeling isolated while in quarantine as a result of the lack of social and physical contact with others.  Losing job Being laid off, downsized, forced to leave early, or had contract work dry up, losing a job is one of the most traumatic moments in life. Aside from the apparent financial distress, the uncertainty of losing a career will have a significant impact on attitude, relationships, and general mental and emotional wellbeing. Occupations are often more than just a means of subsistence. They have an effect on how we see ourselves as well as how others see us. Even if we didn't like our work, it almost certainly provided us with a social outlet as well as structure, direction, and sense throughout our life. Being laid off unexpectedly will leave us feeling wounded, furious, or depressed. We may be questioning our identity, mourning everything that we have missed, or worried about what the future brings. We may feel misled by our boss, helpless over the course of our life, or blame ourselves for any perceived shortcoming or error, depending on the circumstances of our unemployment. Anxiety and depression can be debilitating. Still, no matter how gloomy things seem to be right now, there is always promise. With time and the right coping mechanisms, we have to accept these losses, reduce our depression and anxiety, and resume our professional life. Life is short, enjoy while we can! Prepared by Nurliyana Binti Mohd Zaid (FB20068) Financial problem Debt, poverty, or economic crisis has been a long-term problem around the world that can cause mental illness to most people in the community. The money they gain a month is never enough, especially when they live in the city. Depression occurs to every level of age not only to the young people but more worst to the adult where they need to fulfill the family need and also to cope up with the community and their own family. The lifestyle they live in also can pressure them to always maintain it. The social cycle they are involved in sometimes requires them to spend money more than they can afford. The debt they make to make a living such as a bank debt, education debt, and property debt can be more stressful and make them more depressed. The pressure that is put upon them makes it more burden that sometimes they choose the wrong path to get away from their problems such as stealing, sell drugs, prostitution, swindling money, scam people, and even suicide. Pressure on education This matter might be so common in society especially around Asia and Southeast Asia countries where level education is one of the most important things someone must have despite money and level of society. Every parent wants the best education for their child and wants the children to follow their parents' expectations. Even though their intention is for the children's best, somehow it puts more pressure on them. Some students in a high level institute do not want to choose the course they enroll in but for the sake of their parents, they are willing to take and study the course even though the course is not their interest or beyond their capabilities to score. Moreover, some students do not have an option to pursue their favourite education because of a low family economy or local country does not provide the course. So no other choice they continue to take the course given. The consequences somehow worrying where some student could not take the pressure of study and become depressed, some student could even attempt suicide because they could not take the stress anymore and some student became rebellious and make a problem at institute till they need to be kicked out from the institute. This situation has become more worsen during these years           Prepare by Nur Aliya Syahirah Binti Badrol Hisam (TA20013) Life-changing while pregnancy Depression while pregnant is common in Malaysia. Nearly 13 percent of women meet the diagnostic criteria for depression during pregnancy, and up to 37 percent say they experience depressive symptoms at some point while expecting, according to a review of several studies. Leaving women feeling so sad and hopeless that they have trouble taking care of themselves and their babies. If they had a miscarriage in the past, they may be worried about losing the baby that they had tried so hard to conceive. Get abuse A child who is being abused may feel guilty, ashamed, or confused. They may be afraid to tell anyone about the abuse, especially if the abuser is a parent or other relative. Usually, this happens in the family who don’t know how to control their problem in life such as a parent who had a problem at work but they put out their anger towards their children. The children will get trauma and if it happens for a long time it will affect the children's life. Children will get depressed because they don’t know what to do. They are still young and they usually learn from the adults. There are a few physical abuse sign that we should know: Unexplained injuries, such as bruises, fractures, or burns Injuries that don't match the given explanation   Prepare by Maisarah binti Jmari (CB20020) Chronic illness Chronic illness can last for a very long time and usually cannot be cured completely. When the pain lingers for weeks to months, not only hurts, it disturbs sleep, ability to exercise and be active. The relationships and productivity at work are also disturbed. It will lead to feeling sad, isolated, and depressed. Some examples of chronic illnesses that may cause depression are diabetes, heart disease, kidney disease, HIV, and AIDS. Personality trait Studies show that people with certain personality traits are more susceptible to depression, which potentially means screening for depression children could be easier since traits are easy to assess. Factors like genetics and environment also play a role in personality traits influencing depression. Personality traits risk factors are evident from an early age. Also noted that while personality traits influencing depression may differ depending on the kind of depressive disorder, they "play an especially important role in depressive conditions." Most children won't be able to articulate their emotions. A warning sign of depression in children falls into four categories: Emotional sign: Sadness, loss of pleasure or interest, turmoil, anxiety Cognitive sign: Hopelessness, worthlessness Physical complaints: changes in appetite, sleep pattern, headaches Behavioral changes: Avoidance, clingy, demanding, restless, self-harm
Identify the main problem	Based on the main problem that was obtained from the study on the internet, article and someone who is in the problem situation. We need to find new ways to solve the problems. Therefore, we analyze the factors of problems and do research about depression on the Internet. The main problem is depression among people. The persons who are involved in this problem are men, women, teenagers, students, workers, and parents. Depression is happening to people who have gone through adverse life events are more likely to develop depression. This problem happens in every country in this world.
Searching and gathering relevant information	Contents obtained through internet research, group discussions, and experience from friends who ever experienced depression problems. We refer to the 5W1H method to collect information and experience about depression such as what, who, when, why, and how.
Information narrative	What ? What are the symptoms of depression? Everybody may feel stressed, sad, or lonely at times, but they only last for a few days and go away on their own because it is a normal reaction in struggling with life. They are different from depression, when depression is entering your life, it will make the things you love seem harder for a long period. There are a lot of symptoms of depression, but not everyone who is getting depression will have all of these symptoms in their life. How long the depression will last is based on the effort of the individual to fight the illness. Firstly, feeling hopeless. Depression is a disorder that affects the way you think about life. The person may believe that nothing good will happen and started to think about committing suicide (Smitha, 2018). Besides, loss of interest in activities. The individual may not enjoy any hobbies or games that he or she loves anymore (Smitha, 2018). Moreover, depression can be detected when someone starts to lose focus. It could be hard to focus on simple things like reading a book or calculate numbers and the person may be tough in remembering details (Smitha, 2018). Changes in sleep patterns are also one of the depression symptoms. The person may wake up too early or trouble falling asleep and might sleep longer than usual (Smitha,2018). Next, change in appetite. The individual may not feel hungry at all or overeat and these may cause weight gain or weight loss (Smitha, 2018). Furthermore, people that tend to have depression may be facing aches and pains, for instance, stomach aches, headaches, cramps, or digestive problems (Smitha, 2018). Another symptom of depression is feeling helpless. It happens when someone feels bad about himself or his life and always thinks a lot about failures (Smitha, 2018). Lastly, less energetic. Subsequently, everything in daily routines becomes harder to complete, and feeling exhausted when doing any task (Smitha, 2018). Depression should not be taken easily because it is not a normal growing process. Through all of these signs, people may determine whether they are having this kind of illness or just sadness that we all occasionally face in life. There is still hope for an individual that experiences depression to recover and heal. Who? The symptoms of depression can be experienced differently among men, women, and children differently. Men may experience symptoms related to their: mood, such as anger, aggressiveness, irritability, anxiousness, restlessness emotional well-being, such as feeling empty, sad, hopeless behavior, such as loss of interest, no longer finding pleasure in favorite activities, feeling tired easily, thoughts of suicide, drinking excessively, using drugs, engaging in high-risk activities sexual interest, such as reduced sexual desire, lack of sexual performance cognitive abilities, such as inability to concentrate, difficulty completing tasks, delayed responses during conversations sleep patterns, such as insomnia, restless sleep, excessive sleepiness, not sleeping through the night physical well-being, such as fatigue, pains, headache, digestive problems Women may experience symptoms related to their: mood, such as irritability emotional well-being, such as feeling sad or empty, anxious or hopeless behavior, such as loss of interest in activities, withdrawing from social engagements, thoughts of suicide cognitive abilities, such as thinking or talking more slowly sleep patterns, such as difficulty sleeping through the night, waking early, sleeping too much physical well-being, such as decreased energy, greater fatigue, changes in appetite, weight changes, aches, pain, headaches, increased cramps Children may experience symptoms related to their: mood, such as irritability, anger, mood swings, crying emotional well-being, such as feelings of incompetence (e.g. “I can’t do anything right”) or despair, crying, intense sadness behavior, such as getting into trouble at school or refusing to go to school, avoiding friends or siblings, thoughts of death or suicide cognitive abilities, such as difficulty concentrating, the decline in school performance, changes in grades sleep patterns, such as difficulty sleeping or sleeping too much physical well-being, such as loss of energy, digestive problems, changes in appetite, weight loss, or gain. Where? This problem attacks people in every country. Based on information on the internet, there are the 10 most depressed countries. When? Depression is when everything feels too hard. When people feel so low that things they previously enjoyed no longer hold that same joy. Then, people wonder how they ever enjoyed anything at all. They wonder what other people have that they can't get a hold of and they also find it harder and harder to get out of bed in the morning. Then, they also drag themself through each day. You find it difficult to go to bed at night. The law is so low that it seems to take over, overwhelming the people in a way that you could not have imagined beforehand. How? Feeling sad or anxious at times is a normal part of life, but if these feelings last more than two weeks they could be symptoms of depression. However, clinical depression, especially left untreated, can interrupt your day-to-day life and cause a ripple effect of additional symptoms. Depression affects how you feel and can also cause changes in your body. Major depression (a more advanced form of depression) is considered a serious medical condition that may have a dramatic effect on your quality of life. Why? Depression problems will strike if people cannot manage stress well. Then they will feel depressed for 2 weeks or more if left untreated. This problem will become more serious if people do not care about the info on how to manage stress.
Deep and critical analysis	Based on what we have been analyzing, grief and loss were the problems that needed to be paid attention to because it was normal when we are losing our loved one but it was hard to face this. Next is age, menstruation and menopause will lead women to female sex hormone. Sex hormone imbalance can lead to change in sexual desire and health problem such as hair loss, bone loss and infertility. Although these hormones naturally fluctuate throughout a person’s lifetime, long-term imbalances can cause a range of symptoms and health effects. Covid-19 is a pandemic that everyone must face like self-isolation on covid-19  outbreaks. It was hard for everyone when we needed to change our daily routine. Some people don't like to stay at home and do nothing because they feel nothingless. When this happens in the long term, these people will get depressed and they will slowly lose themself. Nowadays it is hard to get a job and some people will do anything as long as they are not losing their job. Those at the most risk for mental health challenges after job loss are those for whom unemployment is an immediate threat to survival. But job loss also has negative effects across the board. Financial problems are one of the biggest problems that lead to depression. The leading cause of financial problems is simply that people don't have the skills to manage their money. Spending your hard-earned money without a financial plan is like driving into unfamiliar territory without a GPS. to overcome this we need to Identify what needs the most attention. Write down your three biggest money challenges so you know what you're up against. Pressure to do well at school has been shown to increase stress and anxiety in students, leading to poorer physical, social and emotional health. Students can feel pressure from their parents, school, teachers, society or themselves to achieve higher grades and academic success. academic stress leads to less well-being and an increased likelihood of developing anxiety or depression. Additionally, students who have academic stress tend to do poorly in school. This shows how this stress can keep kids from doing as well as they could. Pregnant is the happiest moment in the family. But it also could lead women who are pregnant towards stress because of life changing in pregnancy. A woman's body undergoes many transformations during the nine months of pregnancy. Some of these physical changes are visible, such as an expanding belly and weight gain, while others are well known, such as an enlarged uterus, morning sickness and backaches. Other than that, getting abused by parents is one reason for depression. child abuse is done by someone the child knows and trusts. Parents who abuse their child usually have a problem at their office or their husband. Parents usually take out their anger towards their children. The children who are still young don't know and just face it without knowing their parents are abusing them. Many people feel sad or discouraged when faced with a chronic ilness condition. The physical changes, anxiety and stress associated with the illness can trigger symptoms of depression. The risk of depression increases with the severity of the illness and the level of life disruption it causes. Current evidence suggests that depression is linked to personality traits such as neuroticism/negative emotionality, extraversion/positive emotionality, and conscientiousness. Moreover, personality characteristics appear to contribute to the onset and course of depression through a variety of pathways.
Conclusion	Depression is a mental disorder that happens all over the world and affects anyone at any age. It is one of the most common conditions that are often unrecognized, undiagnosed, and untreated. This is because most patients who endure depression do not whine of feeling depressed and even not realize that they are diagnosed with this illness. However, they also have no idea on how to express their feelings since it is an unexplained symptom (PCORE). There are many types of depression and the symptoms of each type might be different for each person. The symptoms may range from fairly minor until serious. Depression may result in a person being diagnosed with this kind of mental illness. Besides, it will have a negative effect on a person’s life where their routine will be interrupted and they will be miserable. At last, it will lead to the destruction of their future and in the worst case, it can make people commit suicide if not well threatened.
Reference	https://www.helpguide.org/articles/stress/job-loss-and-unemployment-stress.htm  https://www.verywellmind.com/protect-your-mental-health-during-quarantine-4799766 https://www.verywellmind.com/common-causes-of-depression-1066772 https://www.bestcolleges.com/blog/coronavirus-survey/ https://www.healthline.com/health/depression#symptoms https://www.webmd.com/depression/guide/causes-depression https://edblogs.columbia.edu/pcore/depression-conclusion/

4.0 PHASE 1 STEP 3 (WEEK 8) - SEARCH FOR INFORMATION, INFORMATION MANAGEMENT, AND LOOKING FOR SOLUTION [10%]

TASK	ACTIVITY
Identify solution based on literature review	The literature review based on our project, in mental health topic, that we should reduce the discrimination and public stigma about mental illness. Overcoming public stigma can facilitate the search for help involved with mental health care. The country that has higher rates of help-seeking and treatment utilization, tended to have lower rates of self-stigma and perceived discrimination about mental health. Early treatment is important because it has been shown to influence subsequent treatment behavior because the effects of stigma are difficult to reverse. The relationship between anti-stigma programs and seeking help should investigate initial and subsequent action. Negative experiences with mental health professionals are considered discrimination and discrimination experienced by people with mental illness may prevent individuals from seeking treatment. Family or close acquaintances try to start a conversation with the patient and a willingness to listen and be there for the person. Assure them that you care about them and are there for them. Try to show patience and caring and try not to judge their thoughts and actions. Listen to their thoughts and don’t ignore or challenge the person’s feelings.
List of solutions based on LR	Overcome the stigma among our society. Having early treatment is important. Do an anti-stigma program in your country to reduce the stigma about mental illness Stop the discrimination against people that have a mental illness Family or close acquaintances play an important role for those with mental illness Listen and don't be judgemental and ignore their thoughts.

5.0 PHASE 1 STEP 4 (WEEK 9) - SYNTHESIS: IDENTIFY POSSIBLE SOLUTIONS (DEVELOP ALTERNATIVES) [10%]

TASK	ACTIVITY
Deep analysis on the alternative solution	The solutions that can be obtained and might be applied   to overcome the depression are: Do not self diagnose to manage your mental health properly, do not self-diagnose your mental state because it can be only the temporary pressure where you can overcome the stress within time. Depression comes from the permanent stress that continuously pressures the person and it cannot be solved within itself and time.  Psychoeducation people Share the information about mental illness and spread awareness to the public so more people are aware and know about mental illness and they could help the people who go through this illness. Educate people that mental illness is not a craziness but a disease that needs to be cured and healed by a proper counselor, therapist, and doctor. The information can be spread by using social media because it can catch more people's attention, especially the younger generation. Prevention Program Increase campaigns about depression to the schools, companies, universities, government, and any place that is suitable. This program is to make people get more proper information about depression and know more about proper treatment so they can seek help if needed. Some people do not know how to go get proper treatment because of the lack of information regarding the treatment. This kind of program could at least prevent that kind of issue from happening.
Deep discussion on the final solution	Seek help If you feel such stress and pressure that is beyond your capability to control, seek help from the people you trust, family and find a proper treatment by seeing a doctor, therapist, or a counselor so that it does not get worse. Make sure, to be honest to them and to yourself so they could help you and cure your illness. The illness cannot be cured unless you want it to be healed and fight for yourself. Depression will remain with you for a very long time so you need to prepare the best weapon to fight with it so that the depression cannot dominate you and your life instead you are always in control over your life. Be a good example If you cannot make people help others then you can be the one to help them. Be a person who supports depression awareness by encouraging them to see a counselor or doctor, support their emotions by always being a good listener, never judge them, let them express all that is hidden in their heart, and motivate them to become stronger to fight for themself. Give other people information on how to deal with people who have depression so that other people do not mistreat them and give tips about a good word that can encourage them not offend them since they can be more sensitive sometimes. Avoid any discrimination against them even they make such uncomfortable situations for you. Help them with what you can and do not forcefully approach them even though you have a good intention towards them. Let them trust you naturally and comfort you.
Justify the solution	Depression is one of the many types of mental illness, the solution varies depending on what illness they go through. Do a lot of research about it and always care for the people around you. The sign might be dim but if you have the proper information you can detect it early and help them to find a treatment. This kind of illness cannot be cured without any help from others. Treatment by a  professional authority could be able to treat them but the rest of it depends on their strong will to be healthy and be normal again.

6.0 PHASE 2 STEP 1 (WEEK 10) – DECISION MAKING: SELECT THE BEST SOLUTION THROUGH INTERVIEW WITH EXPERTS [20%]

TASK	ACTIVITY
Online interview planning	We do this interview by online interview by using google meet. Our group has prepared some questions to be asked. We will interview an experienced counselor from Pusat Kaunselor Selangor. Her name is Puan Faridah Binti Abdul Jalil. After we finish recording the video of the interview, we will upload the video on Youtube. Finally, we upload the video and the feedback that we got from Youtube to our blog.
Question preparation	Factors of increasing depression at the global level Impact of depression on the world, society, and the surrounding community Possible solutions that can be used or applied to overcome this problem. Advice for young people, especially the students with depression
How you conduct the online interview	NURLIYANA BINTI MOHD (FB20068) as our group representative will interview the expert by using GoogleMeet and will also record the whole conversation using a screen video recorder and voice recorder.
How your group analyze the feedback from an online interview	We analyze the feedback online by watching the interview video that has been posted to Youtube. After that, we will discuss it in the WhatsApp group. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=efJNT11lNs0
How your group agree to select a conclusion for the solution	We agree to draw conclusions based on the interview video. We discuss together with each group member and select the best conclusion for the solution according to the majority votes and opinions.
How your group completes all the tasks and reports using MS Word or Google Docs.	Each group member had a discussion and agreed on the division of tasks. All group members must place each of their tasks that have been completed in a Google Docs that has been created by the group leader. We put a link to the Google Docs in our WhatsApp group’s description to make sure our group members can easily update their tasks.
Who will send the report via KALAM? Please discuss	Our leader Nur Sahira Binti Aslan (FA20043) responsible for submitting report assignment on the KALAM platform. https://16pbee.blogspot.com/